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Horizontal fractal displacement

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cameni:
Recently I've been working on the code that computes fractal data - a bit of reorganization to be able to have more independent fractal channels that are used everywhere in the engine, as I was running short of them already. Previously we had one channel where the terrain elevation fractal was computed, another channel with low-pass filtered terrain slope and 2 independent fractal channels. After the redesign we have 4 independent fractal channels, but additionally the filtered slope is computed independently for u,v terrain directions.

The two-dimensional slope values allow for better horizontal displacement effect on the generated terrain, because now it's possible to make the rock bulge from the hill slope in the right direction. In the previous version only the absolute slope value was known, and the fractals extruded the mesh independently in two orthogonal directions, and of course that did not always look good.

The equation for the displacement was in addition parametrized, to be able to get more effects out of it. Currently it's possible to vary the dominant wavelength, bias and amplitude of the used fractal.

Here is a quick comparison of what the parameters do.

Bias +0.5 (bulging outwards from the slope), wavelength 19m


Wavelength 38m


Wavelength 76m


In the last screenshot the fractal used for the displacement is already only slightly visible and the bulbous shape of purely slope-dependent displacement shows up.
Here's how the displacement looks like when the bias is even larger, i.e. when the sloped parts are pushed even more outwards (bias +1.5):


It's also possible to use a negative bias values, that make the sloped parts carved into the hill (bias -1.0):


On the other hand, amplitude boost can emphasize the effect of the fractal, creating more visible overhangs here and there:



For comparison, here's how the same terrain looks like without any horizontal fractal effect at all:


... and without the vertical fractal, only a bicubic subdivision of original 76m terrain grid:



Next thing to try could be using a texture containing rough shape of specific type of erosion one would like to achieve. Current technique still cannot generate proper cliff and canyon walls, but combining it with the shape map lookup should theoretically do the job.

There's also an interactive comparison

helio2:
These fractal effects look promising! Did u use normal or bump mapping in the base textures?

cameni:

--- Quote from: helio2 ---These fractal effects look promising! Did u use normal or bump mapping in the base textures?
--- End quote ---
No, not yet. Anyway, that terrain is actually distant - on one of the screens, here http://www.outerra.com/shots/k175-mf.jpg there is a man standing on the grass :-)

helio2:
oh wow, lol i dint see the guy there. but with this kind of detail i dont think you need any normal or bump mapping.

Dunlop:
I really love the detail in these shots! They almost look like they are from the Lord of the Rings movie, it only needs the fellowship of the ring running on those cliffs. :D

I hope to see other types of terrain also, desert would be nice with some mesa and butte type mountains. Fractal detail would be really nice in them. Just google "monument valley" to see what I mean.

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